In Hindu philosophy, the concept of the three ṛṇas (debts) emphasizes the responsibilities and duties one has towards different entities. These debts are:

1. Deva-ṛṇa (Debt to the Gods): This debt is towards the deities and is repaid through the performance of yajñas (Vedic sacrifices), worship, and other religious rituals. It acknowledges the divine forces that sustain life and the universe¹².
2. Pitṛ-ṛṇa (Debt to the Ancestors): This debt is owed to one’s ancestors and is repaid by continuing the family lineage, performing śrāddhas (rituals for the deceased), and upholding family traditions and values¹².
3. Rṣi-ṛṇa (Debt to the Sages): This debt is towards the sages and teachers who have imparted wisdom and knowledge. It is repaid through the study of sacred texts, practicing austerities, and passing on knowledge to future generations¹².

These debts highlight the interconnectedness of life and the importance of fulfilling one’s duties to maintain harmony and balance in the world.